It should go without saying, but it is amazing how many drivers neglect this simple rule: always use your indicators to let other drivers know what you are trying to do. Even when it is obvious that two lanes are combining into one, it is still important to use your indicators to alert any drivers who may not be paying full attention.

Bestemi filter for led lights

In heavier traffic conditions, merging cars should follow a pattern like a zipper, taking turns moving forward in the lane.

EMIlightning

For example, if you are trying to merge onto the Mitchell freeway, accelerate to match the speed of traffic as quickly as you safely can; don’t try to cut in at 30 km/h when the rest of the cars are driving at 90 km/h. This is even more important when driving on country WA roads as the speed limit is typically higher and some roads are unsealed.

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Drivers in the continuing lane always have the right of way over drivers in the lane that is ending. This is the same on both quiet roads like suburban streets and busy roads such as highways

When this happens, vehicles in the lane that is ending should always give way to drivers in the other lane. As you merge, aim to slide in behind the vehicle in front of you; don’t speed up to try to get in front of them.

The input and output of the LED lighting circuit can be sources or sinks of EMI, depending on the quality of the power supply and the load. To prevent EMI from affecting the circuit or other devices, you should filter the input and output using appropriate passive components, such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors. The input filter should match the impedance of the power supply and attenuate the differential mode noise and the common mode noise. The output filter should match the impedance of the load and smooth out the ripple voltage and current. The filter design should consider the frequency range, the attenuation level, and the stability of the circuit.

Noisefilter for LED lights

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a common problem in LED lighting circuits, especially when they operate at high frequencies or switch rapidly. EMI can affect the performance, reliability, and safety of the LED drivers, the LEDs themselves, and other devices nearby. To avoid EMI issues, electrical designers need to follow some best practices for minimizing EMI in LED lighting circuits. In this article, we will discuss some of these best practices, such as choosing the right components, designing the PCB layout, filtering the input and output, and shielding the circuit.

LEDlight interference with VHF radio

One of the first steps to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits is to choose the right components for the circuit. Some components, such as capacitors, inductors, and diodes, can generate or propagate EMI due to their parasitic effects, such as equivalent series resistance (ESR), equivalent series inductance (ESL), and reverse recovery time. To reduce these effects, you should select components with low ESR, low ESL, and fast switching characteristics. You should also avoid using ceramic capacitors with high dielectric constants, such as X7R or Y5V, as they can cause piezoelectric noise. Instead, use film or electrolytic capacitors with low dielectric constants.

Low RFILEDbulbs

To make merging easier for everyone involved, it is always a good idea to try to match your speed to the legal speed of the road you are merging into.

In heavier traffic conditions, merging cars should follow a pattern like a zipper, taking turns moving forward in the lane. Do your best to keep a safe distance from the car in front of you and make sure you follow all appropriate WA road rules. The last thing you want is to slam into the back of them if they need to hit their brakes unexpectedly.

While it can sometimes be difficult to merge during peak hours with heavy traffic, do your best not to slow down or stop in the merging lane to wait for an opening. Without enough speed and momentum, it is unlikely that you will be able to find a large enough gap to get your car in without cutting anyone off. Once in the lane, keep a safe stopping distance between you and the car in front to allow for easier merging by other cars.

Before confidently getting behind the wheel of a car, all learner drivers should study and learn about Australian road signs. Find common traffic signs here »

Whether you are a new driver or have been driving for years, it can always be helpful to give yourself a bit of a refresher.

Smart freeways are a technological & engineering advancement that improve congestion on Perth freeways. Here’s how to navigate Perth’s smart freeways.

LED EMI

Merging lanes is a task that drivers in Perth encounter nearly every day. This seemingly simple task can be fraught with peril, though, if you don’t do it correctly. Once you understand the basic rules surrounding merging, you can make the process easier for both yourself and other drivers around you. It’s not a hard concept to follow and won’t require a defensive driving course to master, but it’s often a skill many drivers pay little attention to.

If you are exiting, wait until you have pulled into the exit lane before slowing down to avoid causing a backup for those staying on the freeway. Exit lanes are designed to give you plenty of space to slow down once you are safely off the freeway.

When on a highway or freeway, accelerate to match the speed of traffic as quickly as you safely can; don’t try to cut in at 30 km/h when the rest of the cars are driving at 90 km/h. This is even more important when driving on country WA roads as the speed limit is typically higher and some roads are unsealed.

LEDlight RFIfilter

In WA, you can be penalised for not following these merging best practices. Driving unsafely can result in hefty fines and could even cause you to lose your licence. In Perth, the penalties are as follows:

The last step to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits is to shield the circuit from external electromagnetic fields or prevent the circuit from radiating electromagnetic fields. Shielding can be done by using a metal enclosure, a metal foil, or a metal mesh to cover the circuit or the sensitive parts of the circuit. The shielding material should have high conductivity and low permeability, and it should be connected to the ground plane of the circuit. The shielding effectiveness depends on the frequency, the thickness, and the coverage of the shielding material, as well as the size and location of the openings or gaps in the shield.

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Not only can merging incorrectly result in fines and demerits, but it can also cause an accident, which will cost you even more.

Designing the PCB layout carefully is another important step to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits. The PCB layout can affect the impedance, coupling, and radiation of the circuit, which can influence EMI generation and propagation. To optimize the PCB layout, it is recommended that you use a multilayer PCB with a solid ground plane and a power plane to provide low impedance paths for the return currents and reduce loop areas. Additionally, you should place the LED driver IC and its associated components close to each other and away from the input and output terminals to minimize trace lengths and loop areas. For high current paths, use wide and short traces and avoid sharp bends or corners that can increase inductance and radiation. Furthermore, sensitive traces such as feedback, reference, and control signals should be routed away from noisy traces such as switch node, gate drive, and output diode. Decoupling capacitors near the power supply pins of the LED driver IC and LEDs can filter out high frequency noise and provide local energy storage. Finally, ferrite beads or common mode chokes on the input and output wires can block common mode noise from entering or leaving the circuit.

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When two lanes merge into one, vehicles in the lane that is ending should always give way to drivers in the other lane. As you merge, aim to slide in behind the vehicle in front of you; don’t speed up to try to get in front of them.