Based on these regulations, headlamp retrofit LED bulbs are not available for purchase from Diode Dynamics for street use in the United States. We recognize that certain vehicles can be used exclusively off of public roads (off-street), for recreational, utility, or transport purposes. In the United States, only vehicles that are exclusively used off-street may purchase and use LED headlamp retrofit bulbs from Diode Dynamics.

Within the United States, most automotive lighting equipment is regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Lighting equipment that is regulated by DOT must comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 108, in order to be used legally on public roads.

Diode Dynamics makes products available for sale internationally. International customers should consult their own laws and regulations before purchase, to determine the appropriate and proper use of LED bulbs within their region.

The last step to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits is to shield the circuit from external electromagnetic fields or prevent the circuit from radiating electromagnetic fields. Shielding can be done by using a metal enclosure, a metal foil, or a metal mesh to cover the circuit or the sensitive parts of the circuit. The shielding material should have high conductivity and low permeability, and it should be connected to the ground plane of the circuit. The shielding effectiveness depends on the frequency, the thickness, and the coverage of the shielding material, as well as the size and location of the openings or gaps in the shield.

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Fog lamps and fog light bulbs are not regulated by federal safety standards. When used in compliance with any applicable state or local laws, LED fog light bulbs are considered street-legal for use in the United States.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a common problem in LED lighting circuits, especially when they operate at high frequencies or switch rapidly. EMI can affect the performance, reliability, and safety of the LED drivers, the LEDs themselves, and other devices nearby. To avoid EMI issues, electrical designers need to follow some best practices for minimizing EMI in LED lighting circuits. In this article, we will discuss some of these best practices, such as choosing the right components, designing the PCB layout, filtering the input and output, and shielding the circuit.

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One of the first steps to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits is to choose the right components for the circuit. Some components, such as capacitors, inductors, and diodes, can generate or propagate EMI due to their parasitic effects, such as equivalent series resistance (ESR), equivalent series inductance (ESL), and reverse recovery time. To reduce these effects, you should select components with low ESR, low ESL, and fast switching characteristics. You should also avoid using ceramic capacitors with high dielectric constants, such as X7R or Y5V, as they can cause piezoelectric noise. Instead, use film or electrolytic capacitors with low dielectric constants.

Designing the PCB layout carefully is another important step to minimize EMI in LED lighting circuits. The PCB layout can affect the impedance, coupling, and radiation of the circuit, which can influence EMI generation and propagation. To optimize the PCB layout, it is recommended that you use a multilayer PCB with a solid ground plane and a power plane to provide low impedance paths for the return currents and reduce loop areas. Additionally, you should place the LED driver IC and its associated components close to each other and away from the input and output terminals to minimize trace lengths and loop areas. For high current paths, use wide and short traces and avoid sharp bends or corners that can increase inductance and radiation. Furthermore, sensitive traces such as feedback, reference, and control signals should be routed away from noisy traces such as switch node, gate drive, and output diode. Decoupling capacitors near the power supply pins of the LED driver IC and LEDs can filter out high frequency noise and provide local energy storage. Finally, ferrite beads or common mode chokes on the input and output wires can block common mode noise from entering or leaving the circuit.

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The input and output of the LED lighting circuit can be sources or sinks of EMI, depending on the quality of the power supply and the load. To prevent EMI from affecting the circuit or other devices, you should filter the input and output using appropriate passive components, such as capacitors, inductors, and resistors. The input filter should match the impedance of the power supply and attenuate the differential mode noise and the common mode noise. The output filter should match the impedance of the load and smooth out the ripple voltage and current. The filter design should consider the frequency range, the attenuation level, and the stability of the circuit.

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This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Headlights and headlight bulbs are regulated by DOT, and must comply with the requirements of FMVSS108. There is currently no provision within these regulations to legally replace halogen headlamp bulbs with retrofit LED bulb replacements. As a result, retrofit LED bulbs may not be used in headlights on public roads in the United States.

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Only vehicles which are strictly and exclusively limited to off-street use qualify as off-street vehicles. Mixed use (sometimes driven on public roads, and sometimes driven off-street) do not qualify as off-street use vehicles. If a vehicle is driven on public roads at all, the vehicle does not qualify as off-street use. If the vehicle has registration and license plates, it would not be considered an off-street use vehicle. Please review the following vehicle uses and permissible use of LED retrofit headlight bulbs:

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